## Example 6.2

#### Draw the constellation diagrams for square 16-QAM.

#### If the maximum vector length in a square 16-QAM constellation is 100V rms, determine the long-term average power that would be delivered into a 50-ohm antenna load if each point in the constellation has an equal probability of transmission.

### Solution

####

#### With reference to one quadrant of the 16-QAM constellation, the average power developed by each of the vectors A, B, C, D is as follows:

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#### The maximum vector length,

####

#### Therefore the average power for all symbol states is:

#### Average power = 10a2 / R = 111 W