#### Example 2.3 | #### Question 2.12 Question 2.13

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The Shannon–Hartley Theorem: Graphical representation

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#### The Shannon–Hartley theorem clearly shows that bandwidth efficiency can be traded for power efficiency, and vice-versa.
It is important to note that the Shannon Capacity theorem assumes that the noise present with the signal is Additive White Gaussian Noise. This is often a valid assumption, particularly if the operating bandwidth is small compared with the channel center frequency.
In practice, no implementation of a digital communication system can reach the performance suggested by the Shannon equation, and most fall short by 3 dB or more. Results for some common modem types are given in Chapter 6.