#### Example 5.7

## Symbol timing recovery for PSK

The symbol timing recovery problem for all the binary modulation formats discussed thus far (ASK, FSK and PSK) is identical to that for the baseband symbol streams, assuming that the timing recovery is performed on the demodulated, filtered data. Techniques based on zero-crossing detection, squaring and the early-late gate all feature in modern modem implementations, together with techniques based on dedicated mid-, pre- or post-amble synchronization words. |